The Holy Temple / El Templo Sagrado

Monday, Febrero 15, 2021
3 Adar, 5781

Tehillim – Psalms – Chapter 138

2 I shall prostrate myself toward Your holy Temple, and I shall give thanks to Your name for Your kindness and for Your truth, for You magnified Your word over all Your names. באֶשְׁתַּֽחֲוֶ֨ה אֶל־הֵיכַ֪ל קָדְשְׁךָ֡ וְא֘וֹדֶ֚ה אֶת־שְׁמֶ֗ךָ עַל־חַסְדְּךָ֥ וְעַל־אֲמִתֶּ֑ךָ כִּֽי־הִגְדַּ֥לְתָּ עַל־כָּל־שִׁ֜מְךָ֗ אִמְרָתֶֽךָ:

Jewish History

2nd Temple Completed (349 BCE)

The joyous dedication of the second Holy Temple (Beit HaMikdash) on the site of the 1st Temple in Jerusalem, was celebrated on the 3rd of Adar of the year 3412 from creation (349 BCE), after four years of work.

The First Temple, built by King Solomon in 833 BCE, was destroyed by the Babylonians in 423 BCE. At that time, the prophet Jeremiah prophesied: “Thus says the L-rd: After seventy years for Babylon will I visit you… and return you to this place.” In 371 the Persian emperor Cyrus permitted the Jews to return to Judah and rebuild the Temple, but the construction was halted the next year when the Samarians persuaded Cyrus to withdraw permission. Achashverosh II (of Purim fame) upheld the moratorium. Only in 353 — exactly 70 years after the destruction — did the building of the Temple resume under Darius II.

The Holy Temple: an Anthology

For 830 years — from 833 to 423 BCE and again from 349 BCE to 69 CE — there stood an edifice upon a Jerusalem hilltop which served as the point of contact between heaven and earth. So central was this edifice to our lives as Jews that nearly two-thirds of the mitzvot(commandments of the Torah) are contingent upon its existence. Its destruction is regarded as the greatest tragedy of our history, and its rebuilding will mark the ultimate redemption — the restoration of harmony within G‑d‘s creation and between G‑d and His creation.

Maimonides writes: “The location of the Altar [in the Holy Temple] is very exactly defined… It is a commonly-held tradition that the place where David and Solomon built the Altar on the threshing floor of Arona, is the very place where Abraham built an altar and bound Isaac upon it; this is where Noah built [an altar] when he came out from the Ark; this is where Cain and Abelbrought their offerings; this is where Adam the First Man offered a korban when he was created — and it is from [the earth of] this place that he was created….”

To Read the Full Article:

chabad.org/jewish/The-Holy-Temple-an-Anthology

Los Salmos 138

(2) Me postraré ante tu Santo Templo, y alabaré Tu nombre por tu bondad y Tu verdad, porque has engrandecido Tu palabra sobre todos Tus nombres.

Historia Judía

Segundo Templo Terminado (349 a.C)

La alegre dedicación del segundo Templo Sagrado (Beit HaMikdash) en el sitio del Primer Templo en Jerusalem, se celebró el 3 de Adar del año 3412 desde la creación (349 a. C.), después de cuatro años de trabajo.

El Primer Templo, construido por el rey Salomón en 833 a. C., fue destruido por los babilonios en 423 a. C. En ese momento, el profeta Jeremías profetizó: “Así dice el Señor: Después de setenta años para Babilonia te visitaré … y te haré regresar a este lugar”. En 371, el emperador persa Ciro permitió que los judíos regresaran a Judá y reconstruyeran el templo, pero la construcción se detuvo al año siguiente cuando los samarianos persuadieron a Ciro para que retirara el permiso. Ajashverosh II (de la fama de Purim) mantuvo la moratoria. Solo en 353, exactamente 70 años después de la destrucción, se reanudó la construcción del Templo bajo Darío II.

El Templo Sagrado: Una Antología

Durante 830 años, desde el 833 hasta el 423 a. C. y nuevamente desde el 349 a. C. hasta el 69 d. C., hubo un edificio en la cima de una colina de Jerusalem que sirvió como punto de contacto entre el cielo y la tierra. Este edificio fue tan central en nuestras vidas como Judíos que casi dos tercios de las mitzvot (mandamientos de la Torá) dependen de su existencia. Su destrucción se considera la mayor tragedia de nuestra historia, y su reconstrucción marcará la redención final: la restauración de la armonía dentro de la creación de Di-s y entre Di-s y Su creación.

Maimónides escribe: “La ubicación del Altar [en el Templo Sagrado] está definida con mucha precisión … Es una tradición común que el lugar donde David y Salomón construyeron el Altar en la era  Arona, es el mismo lugar donde Abraham construyó un altar y ató a Isaac sobre él; aquí es donde Noé construyó [un altar] cuando salió del arca; aquí es donde Caín y Abel trajeron sus ofrendas; aquí es donde Adán, el primer hombre, ofreció un korbán cuando fue creado – y es de [la tierra de] este lugar que fue creado … “

Aquí veníamos, tres veces al año – en Pascua, Shavuot y Sukkot – trayendo con nosotros ofrendas a Di-s, y llevándonos a nosotros mismos para “ver y ser vistos por el rostro de Yahvé”. Aquí se manifestó la Presencia Divina – este era el arquetipo de la “morada de Di-s en el mundo físico” que es el propósito de la creación.

Los maestros jasídicos nos dicen que cada año en Shabat Chazon“Shabat de la Visión”, como se llama el Shabat que precede al Noveno de Av, el día que lamenta la destrucción de ambos Templos – a cada uno se nos concede una visión del Tercer Templo –  Puede que no lo veamos con nuestros ojos físicos, pero nuestras almas lo ven, y están imbuidas de la determinación y el poder de liberarnos de nuestro estado actual de galut (exilio y desplazamiento espiritual) y restaurar la presencia Divina manifiesta en nuestro mundo.

Los diecisiete ensayos e historias de esta antología exploran el significado del Templo Sagrado como el “hogar” y el “lugar” divinos, como la “puerta del cielo” para el servicio del hombre a Di-s, y como la máxima encarnación de la voluntad de Di-s. el deseo de crear vida y el esfuerzo de la humanidad por santificarla:

 

 

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Divrei Hayamim I – I Chronicles – Chapter 29

1 Then King David said to the entire assembly, “My son Solomon, whom God alone has chosen, is young and tender, and the work is great, for the palace is not for man, but for the Lord God. אוַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֚יד הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ לְכָל־הַקָּהָ֔ל שְׁלֹמֹ֨ה בְנִ֧י אֶחָ֛ד בָּחַר־בּ֥וֹ אֱלֹהִ֖ים נַ֣עַר וָרָ֑ךְ וְהַמְּלָאכָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֚א לְאָדָם֙ הַבִּירָ֔ה כִּ֖י לַֽיהֹוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִֽים:
 2And with all my strength I prepared for the House of my God, the gold for the [things of] gold, the silver for the [things of] silver, the copper for the [things of] copper, the iron for the [things of] iron, and the wood for the [things of] wood, onyx stones and filling stones, carbuncle stones and embroidery, and all precious stones and marble stones in large quantity. בוּכְכָל־כֹּחִ֞י הֲכִינ֣וֹתִי לְבֵֽית־אֱלֹהַ֗י הַזָּהָ֣ב| לַ֠זָּהָב וְהַכֶּ֨סֶף לַכֶּ֜סֶף וְהַנְּחֹ֣שֶׁת לַנְּחֹ֗שֶׁת הַבַּרְזֶל֙ לַבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְהָֽעֵצִ֖ים לָֽעֵצִ֑ים אַבְנֵי־שֹׁ֨הַם וּמִלּוּאִ֜ים אַבְנֵי־פ֣וּךְ וְרִקְמָ֗ה וְכֹ֨ל אֶ֧בֶן יְקָרָ֛ה וְאַבְנֵי־שַׁ֖יִשׁ לָרֹֽב:
3 And moreover, since I desired the House of my God, I have a treasure of gold and silver; I gave [it] to the House of my God in addition to all that I prepared for the sacred House. גוְע֗וֹד בִּרְצוֹתִי֙ בְּבֵ֣ית אֱלֹהַ֔י יֶשׁ־לִ֥י סְגֻלָּ֖ה זָהָ֣ב וָכָ֑סֶף נָתַ֚תִּי לְבֵֽית־אֱלֹהַי֙ לְמַ֔עְלָה מִכָּל־הֲכִינ֖וֹתִי לְבֵ֥ית הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ:
4 Three thousand talents of gold of the gold of Ophir and seven thousand talents of refined silver to overlay the walls of the houses. דשְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים כִּכְּרֵ֥י זָהָ֖ב מִזְּהַ֣ב אוֹפִ֑יר וְשִׁבְעַ֨ת אֲלָפִ֚ים כִּכַּר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ מְזֻקָּ֔ק לָט֖וּחַ קִיר֥וֹת הַבָּתִּֽים:
5 The gold for the gold, and the silver for the silver, and for all the work in the hands of the craftsmen, and whoever volunteers to consecrate himself today for the Lord. הלַזָּהָ֚ב לַזָּהָב֙ וְלַכֶּ֣סֶף לַכֶּ֔סֶף וּלְכָל־מְלָאכָ֖ה בְּיַ֣ד חָֽרָשִׁ֑ים וּמִ֣י מִתְנַדֵּ֔ב לְמַלֹּ֥אות יָד֛וֹ הַיּ֖וֹם לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
6 And the leaders of the fathers’ [houses], the leaders of the tribes of Israel, and the leaders of the thousands and the hundreds with the leaders of the work of the king gave willingly. ווַיִּתְנַדְּבוּ֩ שָׂרֵ֨י הָֽאָב֜וֹת וְשָׂרֵ֣י| שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וְשָׂרֵ֚י הָֽאֲלָפִים֙ וְהַמֵּא֔וֹת וּלְשָׂרֵ֖י מְלֶ֥אכֶת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
7 And they gave to the service of the House of God; gold, five thousand talents, and ten thousand darics and ten thousand talents of silver, and copper, ten thousand and eight thousand talents, and iron, a hundred thousand talents. זוַיִּתְּנ֞וּ לַֽעֲבוֹדַ֣ת בֵּֽית־הָֽאֱלֹהִ֗ים זָהָ֞ב כִּכָּרִ֣ים חֲמֵֽשֶׁת־אֲלָפִים֘ וַֽאֲדַרְכֹּנִ֣ים רִבּוֹ֒ וְכֶ֗סֶף כִּכָּרִים֙ עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת אֲלָפִ֔ים וּנְחֹ֕שֶׁת רִבּ֛וֹ וּשְׁמוֹנַ֥ת אֲלָפִ֖ים כִּכָּרִ֑ים וּבַרְזֶ֖ל מֵֽאָה־אֶ֥לֶף כִּכָּרִֽים:
8 And anyone with whom stones were found gave [them] to the treasury of the House of the Lord by the hand of Jehiel the Gershonite. חוְהַנִּמְצָ֚א אִתּוֹ֙ אֲבָנִ֔ים נָֽתְנ֖וּ לְאוֹצַ֣ר בֵּית־יְהֹוָ֑ה עַ֥ל יַד־יְחִיאֵ֖ל הַגֵּֽרְשֻׁנִּֽי:
9 And the people rejoiced over their donation, for they wholeheartedly donated to the Lord, and King David also rejoiced a great rejoicing. טוַיִּשְׂמְח֚וּ הָעָם֙ עַל־הִֽתְנַדְּבָ֔ם כִּי בְּלֵ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם הִֽתְנַדְּב֖וּ לַיהֹוָ֑ה וְגַם֙ דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ שָׂמַ֖ח שִׂמְחָ֥ה גְדוֹלָֽה:
10 And David blessed the Lord before the eyes of the entire assembly, and David said, “Blessed are You, the God of Israel our Father, from everlasting to everlasting. יוַיְבָ֚רֶךְ דָּוִיד֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָ֔ה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־הַקָּהָ֑ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗יד בָּר֨וּךְ אַתָּ֚ה יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָבִ֔ינוּ מֵֽעוֹלָ֖ם וְעַד־עוֹלָֽם:
11 Yours, O Lord, are the greatness, and the might, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty, for all that is in the heavens and on the earth [is Yours]; Yours is the kingdom and [You are He] Who is exalted over everything as the Leader. יאלְךָ֣ יְ֠הֹוָה הַגְּדֻלָּ֨ה וְהַגְּבוּרָ֚ה וְהַתִּפְאֶ֙רֶת֙ וְהַנֵּ֣צַח וְהַה֔וֹד כִּֽי־כֹ֖ל בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם וּבָאָ֑רֶץ לְךָ֚ יְהֹוָה֙ הַמַּמְלָכָ֔ה וְהַמִּתְנַשֵּׂ֖א לְכֹ֥ל| לְרֹֽאשׁ:
12 And wealth and honor are from before You, and You rule over all, and in Your hand is strength and might, and it is in Your hand to magnify and to strengthen all. יבוְהָעֹ֚שֶׁר וְהַכָּבוֹד֙ מִלְּפָנֶ֔יךָ וְאַתָּה֙ מוֹשֵׁ֣ל בַּכֹּ֔ל וּבְיָֽדְךָ֖ כֹּ֣חַ וּגְבוּרָ֑ה וּבְיָ֣דְךָ֔ לְגַדֵּ֥ל וּלְחַזֵּ֖ק לַכֹּֽל:
13 And now, our God, we give thanks to You, and praise Your glorious Name. יגוְעַתָּ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ מוֹדִ֥ים אֲנַ֖חְנוּ לָ֑ךְ וּמְהַֽלְלִ֖ים לְשֵׁ֥ם תִּפְאַרְתֶּֽךָ:
14 Now who am I and who are my people that we should gather up strength to donate like this, for all is from You, and from Your hand we have given it to You. ידוְכִ֨י מִ֚י אֲנִי֙ וּמִ֣י עַמִּ֔י כִּי־נַעְצֹ֣ר כֹּ֔חַ לְהִתְנַדֵּ֖ב כָּזֹ֑את כִּֽי־מִמְּךָ֣ הַכֹּ֔ל וּמִיָּֽדְךָ֖ נָתַ֥נּוּ לָֽךְ:
15 For we are strangers before You, and inhabitants like all our forefathers; as a shadow are our days on the earth, and there is no hope. טוכִּֽי־גֵרִ֨ים אֲנַ֧חְנוּ לְפָנֶ֛יךָ וְתֽוֹשָׁבִ֖ים כְּכָל־אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ כַּצֵּ֧ל| יָמֵ֛ינוּ עַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ וְאֵ֥ין מִקְוֶֽה:
16 O Lord, our God, all this store that we have prepared to build for You a House for Your holy Name-it is from You, and all is Yours. טזיְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ כֹּ֣ל הֶֽהָמ֚וֹן הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֲכִינ֔וֹנוּ לִבְנֽוֹת־לְךָ֥ בַ֖יִת לְשֵׁ֣ם קָדְשֶׁ֑ךָ מִיָּדְךָ֥ ה֖וּא (כתיב ה֖יּא) וּלְךָ֥ הַכֹּֽל:
17 And I know, my God, that You test the heart and You desire equity; I, with the sincerity of my heart, have willingly donated all these; and now I have seen with joy Your people, who are present here, offer willingly to You. יזוְיָדַ֣עְתִּי אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֚י אַתָּה֙ בֹּחֵ֣ן לֵבָ֔ב וּמֵֽישָׁרִ֖ים תִּרְצֶ֑ה אֲנִ֗י בְּיֹ֚שֶׁר לְבָבִי֙ הִתְנַדַּ֣בְתִּי כָל־אֵ֔לֶּה וְעַתָּ֗ה עַמְּךָ֙ הַנִּמְצְאוּ־פֹ֔ה רָאִ֥יתִי בְשִׂמְחָ֖ה לְהִֽתְנַדֶּב־לָֽךְ:
18 O Lord, God of Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, our forefathers, keep this forever, even the creation of the thoughts of the heart of Your people, and prepare their hearts to You. יחיְהֹוָ֗ה אֱ֠לֹהֵי אַבְרָהָ֞ם יִצְחָ֚ק וְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲבוֹתֵ֔ינוּ שָׁמְרָה־זֹּ֣את לְעוֹלָ֔ם לְיֵ֥צֶר מַחְשְׁב֖וֹת לְבַ֣ב עַמֶּ֑ךָ וְהָכֵ֥ן לְבָבָ֖ם אֵלֶֽיךָ:
19And to Solomon, my son, give a perfect heart to keep Your commandments, Your testimonies, and Your statutes, and to do all and to build the palace that I have prepared. “ יטוְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בְנִ֗י תֵּן לֵבָ֣ב שָׁלֵ֔ם לִשְׁמוֹר֙ מִצְו‍ֹתֶ֔יךָ עֵֽדְו‍ֹתֶ֖יךָ וְחֻקֶּ֑יךָ וְלַֽעֲשׂ֣וֹת הַכֹּ֔ל וְלִבְנ֖וֹת הַבִּירָ֥ה אֲשֶׁר־הֲכִינֽוֹתִי:
20 And David said to the entire assembly, “Now bless the Lord your God,” and the assembly blessed the Lord, the God of their fathers, and they kneeled and prostrated themselves before the Lord and before the king. כוַיֹּ֚אמֶר דָּוִיד֙ לְכָל־הַקָּהָ֔ל בָּֽרְכוּ־נָ֖א אֶת־יְהֹוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֑ם וַיְבָֽרְכ֣וּ כָֽל־הַקָּהָ֗ל לַֽיהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹֽתֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְּד֧וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּֽחֲו֛וּ לַיהֹוָ֖ה וְלַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
21 And they slaughtered sacrifices to the Lord and they offered burnt-offerings to the Lord on the morrow of that day, a thousand bulls, a thousand rams, a thousand lambs, and their libations, and numerous sacrifices for all Israel. כאוַיִּזְבְּח֣וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֣ה| זְ֠בָחִים וַיַּֽעֲל֨וּ עֹל֜וֹת לַיהֹוָ֗ה לְמָֽחֳרַת֘ הַיּ֣וֹם הַהוּא֒ פָּרִ֨ים אֶ֜לֶף אֵילִ֧ים אֶ֛לֶף כְּבָשִׂ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף וְנִסְכֵּיהֶ֑ם וּזְבָחִ֥ים לָרֹ֖ב לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
22 And they ate and drank before the Lord on that day with great joy, and they crowned Solomon the son of David a second time, and they anointed [him] to the Lord as ruler and Zadok as priest. כבוַיֹּֽאכְל֨וּ וַיִּשְׁתּ֜וּ לִפְנֵ֧י יְהֹוָ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא בְּשִׂמְחָ֣ה גְדוֹלָ֑ה וַיַּמְלִ֚יכוּ שֵׁנִית֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֣ה בֶן־דָּוִ֔יד וַיִּמְשְׁח֧וּ לַֽיהֹוָ֛ה לְנָגִ֥יד וּלְצָד֖וֹק לְכֹהֵֽן:
23 And Solomon sat on the throne of the Lord as king instead of David his father, and he prospered, and all Israel obeyed him. כגוַיֵּ֣שֶׁב שְׁ֠לֹמֹה עַל־כִּסֵּ֨א יְהֹוָ֧ה| לְמֶ֛לֶךְ תַּֽחַת־דָּוִ֥יד אָבִ֖יו וַיַּצְלַ֑ח וַיִּשְׁמְע֥וּ אֵלָ֖יו כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
24 And all the leaders and the mighty men and also all King David’s sons placed their hand under King Solomon. כדוְכָל־הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְהַגִּבֹּרִ֔ים וְגַ֕ם כָּל־בְּנֵ֖י הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ דָּוִ֑יד נָ֣תְנוּ יָ֔ד תַּ֖חַת שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה הַמֶּֽלֶךְ:
25 And the Lord made Solomon exceedingly great before the eyes of all Israel, and He bestowed upon him such regal majesty as had never been upon any king before him over Israel. כהוַיְגַדֵּ֨ל יְהֹוָ֚ה אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְמַ֔עְלָה לְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיִּתֵּ֚ן עָלָיו֙ ה֣וֹד מַלְכ֔וּת אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־הָיָ֧ה עַל־כָּל־מֶ֛לֶךְ לְפָנָ֖יו עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
26 And David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel. כווְדָוִיד֙ בֶּן־יִשָׁ֔י מָלַ֖ךְ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל:
27 And the days that he reigned over Israel were forty years; in Hebron he reigned seven years, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three. כזוְהַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֚ר מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַרְבָּעִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּחֶבְר֚וֹן מָלַךְ֙ שֶׁ֣בַע שָׁנִ֔ים וּבִירֽוּשָׁלִַ֥ם מָלַ֖ךְ שְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים וְשָׁלֽוֹשׁ:
28 And he died in a good old age, full of days, wealth, and honor, and his son Solomon reigned in his stead. כחוַיָּ֙מָת֙ בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה טוֹבָ֔ה שְׂבַ֥ע יָמִ֖ים עֹ֣שֶׁר וְכָב֑וֹד וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֥ה בְנ֖וֹ תַּחְתָּֽיו:
29 And the words of King David, the first and the last-behold they are written in the words of Samuel the seer and in the words of Nathan the prophet and in the words of Gad the seer. כטוְדִבְרֵי֙ דָּוִ֣יד הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֖ים וְהָאַֽחֲרֹנִ֑ים הִנָּ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ שְׁמוּאֵ֣ל הָֽרֹאֶ֔ה וְעַל־דִּבְרֵי֙ נָתָ֣ן הַנָּבִ֔יא וְעַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י גָּ֥ד הַֽחֹזֶֽה:
30 With all his kingdom and his might, and the times that passed over him, and over Israel, and over all the kingdoms of the lands. לעִ֥ם כָּל־מַלְכוּת֖וֹ וּגְבֽוּרָת֑וֹ וְהָֽעִתִּ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָֽבְר֚וּ עָלָיו֙ וְעַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְעַ֖ל כָּל־מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָֽאֲרָצֽוֹת: